Anaplasmosis is now Canada's second most common tick-borne disease after Lyme, with about 500 reports annually in areas where infected ticks are established.
Blacklegged ticks are spreading across eastern and central Canada, moving north by 35 to 55 kilometres a year; about 6% tested in 2024 carried the bacteria, roughly double 2022's share.
A 79-year-old eastern Ontario man developed rare myocarditis after anaplasmosis was initially missed, but improved within 24 to 48 hours after doctors switched him to Doxycycline.
Doctors say the illness often looks like flu without Lyme's hallmark bull's-eye rash, and many patients never notice a tick bite, making early recognition harder.
Researchers say prompt treatment should not wait for lab confirmation because delays can raise risks to the heart, brain, lungs and kidneys, especially in older or chronically ill patients.